Compare Van Fraassen’s version of scientific anti‐realism to that of Carnap. Which of the two versions of anti‐realism do you find more persuasive, and why?2. Can Hacking’s ‘looping effects’ be avoided by operationally defining terms such as ‘intellectual disability’ and ‘schizophrenia’? Discuss this in light of Bridgman’s operationalism.3. How does the inclusion of scientists with diverse points of view contribute to the objectivity of a scientific community? Discuss this by comparing the views of Longino and Okruhlik.
