This assignment will examine the role of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and Clean Water Act (CWA) in achieving environmental compliance in the United States and the way in which they regulate emissions. Two case studies, one of airborne lead emissions exceeding EPA limits (Jed, 2014) and one of chemical spills in West Virginia (Cohen & Watkins, 2014) are examples of Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act violations in the United States. Before starting this assignment please view the Clean Air Act of 1970, and the Clean Water Act (CWA)videos. In a 3- to 4-page paper answer the following questions. Justify your responses by presenting a rationale and illustrating it with examples and facts as needed. Support your writing with the literature. 1. Describe the type of pollutants covered by each of the two laws. 2. Compare and contrast the types of standards in the CWA and the CAA. Examples of different types are: best available technology standards, water quality standards, air emission standards, and hazardous air pollution source standards and air quality standards. Are they based on health risk or technological feasibility? 3. For each of the two case studies mentioned in the Case Assignment, explain what aspects of the CAA or CWA were not effective at controlling the pollutant releases into the environment (Cohen & Watkins, 2014; Jed, 2014). Avoid using the first person in writing. Synthesize what you learned from the sources you read; write papers in your own words; and cite sources within the text, as well as include a properly formatted reference list. Use of direct quotes: Use of direct quotes should be avoided. Only use direct quotes when preserving the exact words of an author is necessary. In the rare instance that directly quoted material is used, it must be properly cited (with quotation marks and page numbers in the in-text citation); quotes should not exceed 5-10% of the total paper content. Cite 2-3 sentences per pargraph ? References Cohen, E., & Watkins, T. (2014, February 20). West Virginia asks feds to study possible health effects of chemical spill. CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2014/02/19/health/west-virginia-water/ Carruth, R. S., & Goldstein, B. D. (2013). Chapter 3: Clean Air Act. In Environmental health law: An introduction (pp. 4176). Somerset, NJ, USA: Helbert, S. (2014, January 29). How industrial chemical regulation failed West Virginia. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2014/01/29/268201454/how-industrial-chemical-regulation-failed-west-virginia Information collection request submitted to OMB for review and approval; comment request; distribution of offsite consequence analysis information under section 112(r)(7)(H) of the clean air act (CAA), as amended (renewal). Howard, B. (2019). West Virginia Chemical Spill Poses Unknown Threat to the Environment. Retrieved 25 October 2019, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/1/140113-west-virginia-chemical-spill-ecological-effects-science/ Jaramillo, P. & Muller, N. Z. (2016). Air pollution emissions and damages from energy production in the U.S.: 20022011. Energy Policy. Volume 90, pp. 202 21. US EPA. (2019). Laws & Regulations | US EPA. Retrieved 25 October 2019, from https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2016). The Clean Air Act (CAA). Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/air/caa/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2016). Clean Air Act requirements and history. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/air/caa/requirements.html U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2016). Clean Water Act. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/lcwa.html#Summary U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2015). The Clean Water Act (CWA). Retrieved from https://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act
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